Usually not. Standard policies exclude earth movement, settling, and soil expansion, which covers most foundation damage. The narrow exception is damage caused by a covered peril, most commonly a sudden plumbing leak under the slab.
More detail
The exclusion here is broad and it is worth understanding before spending time on a claim that will not succeed. Standard homeowners policies exclude earth movement, which typically encompasses settling, cracking, expansion and contraction of soils, shifting, and sinking. Since soil moisture cycling causes most foundation movement in this region, most foundation damage falls squarely inside the exclusion. That is not an insurer being difficult; it is what the policy says. The exceptions that do get paid. Damage caused by a covered peril that then produced the foundation problem is the main one, and the common example is a sudden plumbing leak beneath a slab that saturated the soil and caused movement. Policies often cover the cost of accessing and repairing the leak, and sometimes the resulting damage, though the language varies considerably. Vehicle impact and certain sudden events are also covered perils. What separates a paid claim from a denied one in that scenario is sudden versus gradual. A pipe that failed abruptly is a different fact pattern than one that seeped for years, and insurers investigate the distinction. That makes documentation and prompt reporting matter: date-stamped photographs, the plumber's report identifying the leak and its likely duration, and notice to the insurer as soon as it is found. Separate products exist. Flood insurance is its own policy and covers flood-caused damage. Earthquake coverage is a separate endorsement in areas where it is offered. The practical conclusion for most homeowners: budget foundation repair as a capital expense rather than an insured loss, and put the energy into the drainage and moisture management that reduce the likelihood, since those are the controllable variables.